УДК 639.3.05
Authors:
Melnik T. Yu.,
Rogozinnikova I. V.
The article presents the results of a review of scientific literature devoted to the biological and ecological features of tench, a fish of the carp family. The similarity of the biological characteristics of tench, as a species of fish for which the technology of cultivation in artificial conditions has not been developed at present, and domesticated carp, which is the most popular object of artificial reproduction in the Russian Federation, has been established. A number of data on morphological parameters of the tench are presented, sexual dimorphism characteristic of this species of fish is noted, the features of reproduction and susceptibility to a number of infectious and parasitic diseases are indicated. Tench is susceptible to a number of infectious diseases and parasitic infestations characteristic of cyprinid fish. The differences in the diet of tench and carp were determined, which indicates the possibility of keeping these fish species together in a polyculture. A number of ecological features of the tench, as a cyprinid fish, which occupies a specific niche in habitats, and also has significant differences in size and weight characteristics and spawning periods depending on the region, are given. The economic significance of tench and possible conditions for its artificial cultivation in aquaculture are described. The results of this work indicate that the biological characteristics of tench are similar to those of carp, but they are not identical. There is also variability of the tench in morphological indicators in various regions of Russia and abroad. Tench demonstrates sexual dimorphism (a characteristic feature of a mature male is the thickening of the second ray of the ventral fin), and in fertility it is almost identical to carp (300-400 thousand eggs). The nature of tench nutrition differs from carp nutrition, in addition, the composition of the tench diet depends on the age and season of the year. According to the literature data, the fish species under study is widespread both in our country and in the Sverdlovsk region. The undemanding nature of the tench to the concentration of oxygen in the water allows it to live in conditions in which many other fish species cannot survive, this is especially important for a number of reservoirs of the Ural region, in which overseas phenomena are often observed. Consequently, the abiotic and biological conditions of our region are suitable for its artificial cultivation.
Keywords: fish, tench, carp, aquaculture, morphology, sexual dimorphism, fish nutrition, spawning, habitat, artificial reproduction.
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